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Nephrology encompasses the study of structure and function of kidneys. It also includes the study of the pathology, etiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic regimens followed for the treatment of nephrological diseases. Kidneys are vital organs that perform the most complicated job of filtering waste from the blood. It thus purifies the blood and excretes the waste from the body. The normal functioning of kidneys may be affected due to metabolic disorders like diabetes and autoimmune diseases. Renal failure, glomerular disorders, urine abnormalities, renal vascular diseases, kidney and bladder stones, kidney infections, infections and cancer are some of the diseases that may also affect the function of the kidneys. Nephrology offers therapeutic solutions like dialysis, kidney transplantation and surgery to cure various kidney related diseases.