Research Article
Effect of Disease Resistance on Secondary Herbivores: Aphid Abundance on Hybrid and Non-hybrid Coffee Varieties in the Chagga Homegardens
Emmanuel Lyimo1*, Marie Schaedel1,2, Molly Berntsen1,3 and Alex Kisingo1,41Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Moshi, Arusha, Tanzania
2United States Peace Corps, Lome, Togo
3SocialVR, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
4College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
- *Corresponding Author:
- Emmanuel Lyimo
Research Officer
Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute
Moshi, Tanzania
Tel: +255 783004048
E-mail: emanuelnath@yahoo.com
Received date: May 25, 2017; Accepted date: June 22, 2017; Published date: July 12, 2017
Citation: Lyimo E, Schaedel M, Berntsen M, Kisingo A (2017) Effect of Disease Resistance on Secondary Herbivores: Aphid Abundance on Hybrid and Nonhybrid Coffee Varieties in the Chagga Homegardens. J Ecosyst Ecography 7: 237. doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000237
Copyright: © 2017 Lyimo E, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Coffee accounts for over 20% of Tanzania’s income from foreign exchange and has been identified as an essential crop for the future of food security in Africa. Coffee production in the Kilimanjaro region, one of Tanzania’s most important coffee-producing areas, is facing threats due to declining coffee prices, climate change, and outbreaks of fungal disease. Fungal-resistant hybrid coffee varieties have the potential to increase productivity and yields, although the ecological impact of their widespread introduction has not yet been determined. This study estimates the differences in aphid abundance and probability of aphid presence on hybrid and non-hybrid coffee plants in the Chagga homegardens. For this study, 1,119 coffee plants were sampled in 45 farms across 3 villages in the Kilimanjaro region. Hybrid coffee plants were 74.7% less likely to have the fungal disease coffee leaf rust (CLR) than non-hybrid plants (p<0.001). However, hybrid status was not found to be a significant factor in predicting aphid presence (p=0.88) or abundance (p=0.71). Factors that were significant in predicting aphid abundance included farm size (p<0.001), insecticide use (p<0.001), village (p=0.001), and ant count (p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that hybrid coffee has no significant bottom-up effect on the dynamics of the Chagga homegarden ecosystem.
