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Abstract

Global climate change, driven largely by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, poses significant challenges to ecosystems, human health, and economies. Monitoring GHG concentrations and temperature anomalies is essential to understanding the dynamics of climate trends, assessing the impacts of emissions, and predicting future environmental conditions. This paper examines the current methodologies and technologies employed to monitor GHG emissions and temperature anomalies on a global scale, highlighting satellite-based remote sensing, atmospheric sampling, and climate models. The analysis reveals the close correlation between rising concentrations of GHGs, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), and global temperature anomalies. Case studies, including data from global monitoring networks and climate models, demonstrate how these variables interact and contribute to observed temperature shifts. This paper also discusses the implications of these trends for climate policy, emphasizing the need for integrated monitoring systems to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. Through a comprehensive review, this study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring to enhance global climate resilience and guide international efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.