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Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a severe blood bacterial infection in neonates at the age of equal to or less than 28 days of life, and it’s still the major significant cause of death and long-term morbidity in developing countries. Clinical presentation is non-specific and includes fever, respiratory distress, lethargy, impaired or refusal of feeding, jaundice, absent Moro reflex, hypothermia, convulsions, bleeding disorder and bulging fontanel. So, newborn survival is an issue of great concern to the world, especially to developing countries. Care for the neonate often receives little attention in maternal and child health programs. So, it is important to do additional research regarding this title, typically on associated factors.

Objective: To assess the Prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates born in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Method: Institution-based cross-sectional studies were employed. The study subjects were selected using a systematic sampling method 362 neonates were planned, and 333 were collected. The data was collected by interviewing and using a chart review method. The data was entered and exported to S.P.S.S. version 25.00 for clearing and analysis, and Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with neonatal sepsis. Using 95% CI, variables with a p-value <0.05 were identified as statistically significant factors.

Result: In this study, 333 study participants were involved, making a response rate of 91.9%. The Majority [34.8%] of the study participants were in the age group of 25-29 years with mean and S.D. age of 29.3±5.59 years, respectively. Two-thirds of the study participants were married, and 30.6% were in primary education. Most [70.6%] of the study participants had a household monthly income of 18 hours and 37.8% of the labor duration was> 24 hours. Regarding the specific characteristics of the neonate, 35.4% of the neonate were low birth weight and 18.3% were delivered in the preterm phase of gestation. More than twenty-three percent of the neonates were developing birth asphyxia, and 37.8% of the neonates had an Apgar score of <=6 at the first minute. Sixteen percent of the neonates received ventilation, 25.2% of the neonates were supported with oxygen through an intranasal catheter, and 27.9% were supported with mask oxygen.

Conclusion: In this study, the magnitude of neonatal sepsis was 37%. Of those having sepsis, 63% developed an early onset of neonatal sepsis, and 37% developed a late onset of neonatal sepsis. The determinant factor affecting neonatal sepsis was the mode of delivery of C.S., which was 97% less likely to cause neonatal sepsis than S.V.D. [AOR=0.03, 95%CI=0.001, 0.04] While the instrumental method is used more than S.V.D. [AOR=7.8, 95%CI=2.43, 32.01], mother having U.T.I. during pregnancy [AOR=1.2, 95%CI=1.01, 3.21], had M.S.A.F. liquor during labour and delivery [AOR=8.4, 95%CI=2.05, 34.02], maternal liquor of PROM [AOR=3.7, 95%CI=2.47, 18.37], duration of PROM during delivery of >18 hours compared to duration of PROM <18hours [AOR=11.5, 95%CI=3.42, 38.92] and low birth weight and preterm.