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Ecologist is the study and measure nutrient budgets to understand how these materials are regulated, flow, and recycled through the environment. This research has led to an understanding that there is global feedback between ecosystems and the physical parameters of this planet, including minerals, soil, pH, ions, water, and atmospheric gases. Six major elements like hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and phosphorus form the constitution of all biological macromolecules and feed into the Earth's geochemical processes.

Biogeochemistry and climate