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| Giovanni Del Puente1 and Nicola Luigi Bragazzi2* |
| 1Psychiatry Department, DINOG, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy |
| 2School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy |
| *Corresponding author: |
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
School of Public Health
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL)
University of Genoa
Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
E-mail: robertobragazzi@gmail.com |
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| Received September 01, 2012; Published October 20, 2012 |
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| Citation: Del Puente G, Bragazzi NL (2012) The Bio-psycho-social Model and Beyond: Its Limitations and the Need for a New Model. A Response to Eid's Editorial, “The Bio-Psycho-Social Model: How Accurate and Valid is it?” 1:399. doi:10.4172/scientificreports.399 |
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| Copyright: © 2012 Del Puente G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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| There is definitely an urgent need for a new health/disease model in psychiatry and, generally speaking, in internal medicine and in public health, as pointed out by Eid in his editorial [1]. The bio-psycho-social model developed by Engel [2] cannot capture the multidimensionality of the disease, which is indeed a dynamical [3] and complex phenomenon, characterized by “wholism, diversity, robustness and flexibility (as) hallmarks” [4]. We agree that biological, psychological and social levels are not separate at all: not only in the well-known sense that both biological and social treatments have biological effects but also in the sense that biological and genetic potentials have a social impact, as shown by Damasio [5-7]. |
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| While many scholars have emphasized some missing dimensions in the classical bio-psycho-social model [8-10] or underpinned phenomena that fail and resist to be explained by that model [11-14], the model proposed by Eid [1] (“the somato-psycho-social model”) can indeed overcome these limitations and pave the way for further research in the field. |
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| References |
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- Eid M (2012) The Bio-Psycho-Social Model: How accurate and valid is it? J Psychol Psychother 2: e103.
- Engel GL (1977)
- Bircher J (2005)
- Topolski S (2009)
- Anderson SW, Damasio H, Damasio AR (2005)
- Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A (2009)
- Damasio AR (1994)
- Lewy AJ, Emens JS, Songer JB, Sims N, Laurie AL, et al. (2009)
- Deshmukh VD (2008)
- Leukefeld CG, Leukefeld S (1999)
- Johansson BH (2002)
- Thayer JF, Brosschot JF (2005)
- Epstein RM, Borrell-Carrio F (2005)
- McLaren N (1998)
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