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Stomach cancer treatment; Chemotherapy or radiation therapy; Neoadjuvant therapy

Introduction

Early diagnosis and screening

One of the crucial factors in successful stomach cancer treatment is early diagnosis. With the development of advanced imaging techniques such as endoscopy, doctors can now detect stomach cancer in its early stages [1]. Early detection allows for the initiation of timely treatment, often resulting in better surgical outcomes and improved overall prognosis.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques

Traditionally, open surgery with large incisions was the primary approach for stomach cancer treatment. However, minimally invasive surgical techniques, including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries, have revolutionized the field. These procedures involve making small incisions through which specialized surgical instruments and a camera are inserted, allowing surgeons to operate with enhanced precision and reduced trauma to surrounding tissues [2-5]. Minimally invasive surgery offers several benefits, including shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, reduced postoperative pain, and improved cosmetic outcomes.

Lymph node dissection

Lymph node dissection is a critical component of stomach cancer surgery. Surgeons remove nearby lymph nodes to determine the extent of cancer spread and to prevent further metastasis [6-8]. Advances in surgical techniques have led to more precise and thorough lymph node dissections, improving staging accuracy and aiding in the selection of appropriate adjuvant therapies.

Targeted therapy and neoadjuvant treatment

Before surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, which includes chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is increasingly being used to shrink tumors and improve the chances of successful surgical resection. Additionally, targeted therapies, such as HER2-targeted agents, are showing promising results in specific subtypes of stomach cancer. These advancements help in reducing tumor size, increasing the chances of complete surgical removal, and improving overall treatment outcomes [9].

Enhanced surgical margins and reconstruction techniques

Achieving negative surgical margins (i.e., removing the tumor with clear margins) is crucial for successful stomach cancer surgery. Surgeons are now employing innovative techniques, such as intraoperative frozen section analysis and image-guided surgery, to ensure complete removal of cancerous tissue while preserving healthy surrounding structures. Moreover, advancements in reconstructive techniques have improved the restoration of gastrointestinal continuity after surgery, minimizing postoperative complications and promoting better long-term quality of life for patients.

Multidisciplinary approach

The management of stomach cancer involves a multidisciplinary team comprising surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. The collaborative efforts of these specialists ensure comprehensive evaluation, accurate staging, and optimal treatment planning for each patient [10,11]. The integration of different treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, has significantly improved survival rates and disease control.

Conclusion

Stomach cancer surgery has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, leading to improved outcomes for patients. Early detection, minimally invasive techniques, precise lymph node dissection, neoadjuvant therapy, targeted therapies, enhanced surgical margins, and a multidisciplinary approach have collectively contributed to enhanced survival rates and improved quality of life. As medical research continues to evolve, it is crucial to stay informed about the latest developments in stomach cancer surgery to offer the best possible treatment options to patients and continue the fight against this formidable disease.

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