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Diabetes mellitus, generally known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by a high blood sugar position over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms frequently include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite. However, diabetes can beget numerous health complications, if left undressed. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long- term complications include cardiovascular complaint, stroke, habitual order complaint, bottom ulcers, damage to the jitters, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment.

Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding duly to the insulin produced [1]. Insulin is a hormone which is responsible for helping glucose from food get into cells to be used for energy. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus.

• Type 1 diabetes results from failure of the pancreas to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells. This form was preliminarily appertained to as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus “or" juvenile diabetes". The loss of beta cells is caused by an autoimmune response. The cause of this autoimmune response is unknown. Although Type 1 diabetes generally appears during nonage or nonage, it can also develop in grown-ups.
• Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin duly. As the complaint progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was preliminarily appertained to as "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus “or" adultonset diabetes". Type 2 diabetes is more common in aged grown-ups, but there's a great increase in the number of children of rotundity which led to further cases of type 2 diabetes in youngish people [2]. The most common cause is a combination of inordinate body weight and inadequate exercise.
• Gravid diabetes is the third main form, and occurs when pregnant women without a former history of diabetes develop high blood sugar situations. In women with gravid diabetes, blood sugar generally returns to normal soon after delivery. Still, there's a advanced threat of suffering from type 2 diabetes if you have had gravid diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes must be managed with insulin injections. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes involves maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco [3]. Type 2 diabetes may be treated with oral anti-diabetic specifics, with or without insulin. Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper bottom and eye care are important for people with the complaint [4]. Insulin and some oral specifics can beget low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Weight loss surgery in those with rotundity is occasionally an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes. Gravid diabetes generally resolves after the birth of the baby.

As of 2019, an estimated 463 million people had diabetes worldwide (8.8 of the adult population), with type 2 diabetes making up about 90 of the cases. Rates are analogous in women and men. Trends suggest that rates will continue to rise [5]. Diabetes at least doubles a person's 

threat of early death. In 2019, diabetes redounded in roughly4.2 million deaths. It's the 7th leading cause of death encyclopedically. The global profitable cost of diabetes- related health expenditure in 2017 was estimated at US$ 727 billion. In the United States, diabetes bring nearly US$ 327 billion in 2017. Average medical expenditures among people with diabetes are about2.3 times advanced.

The author would like to acknowledge his Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh for their support during this work.

The author has no known conflicts of interested associated with this paper.

1. American Diabetes Association (2005) . Diabetes care 28(S37): S5-S10.

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2. Alam U, Asghar O, Azmi S, Malik RA (2014) . Handb Clin Neurol 126: 211-222.

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3. Salim B (2005) . Int J Diabetes Metabol 13 (3): 111-134.

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4. Kaul K, Tarr JM, Ahmad SI, Kohner EM, Chibber R (2012) . Adv Exp Med Biol 771: 1-11.

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5. Nathan DM (1993) . N Engl J Med 328(23): 1676-1685.

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