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Immuno; Infection; Vaccine; Body

The immune system is the body’s defence mechanism, protecting against invaders like bacteria and viruses to keep us healthy.Cells are the main building blocks of our body. Our immune system relies on many different types of cells, each playing an important role [1-3]. Many of these can be found in our bloodstream, especially white blood cells, which are the main component of the human immune system.White blood cells are strategically located throughout the body, not only in the bloodstream but in the lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, intestines and skin. This allows them to deal with pathogens wherever they enter the body.There are two main types of white blood cells: guardian cells responsible for innate immunity (your body’s first defence against pathogens) lymphocytes responsible for specific or ‘adaptive’ immunity (your body’s ability to remember pathogens and react quickly if reinfected) [4-5].Other blood cell types include red blood cells, which carry oxygen to our tissues, and platelets, which help our blood to clot. Innate immunity The skin and the lining of the lungs and intestine are the first line of defence against infection, forming a physical barrier for protection [6]. These tissues and the sentinal cells that live there form the innate immune system There are two types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells. T cells respond to infections by releasing chemicals called cytokines, which trigger protective inflammation. T cells can also kill cells that have a pathogen, such as a virus, hidden inside them B cells, often with help from T cells, are involved in making antibodies. Antibodies are complex proteins that attach in a ‘lock-and-key’ fashion either to pathogens or to the toxins released by them.

In conclusion, definitively established that both IgG and IgE are capable of crossing the maternal-fetal interface via FcRN and that the IgE that passes to the fetus in this manner can be bound by MCs in both mice and humans. From an evolutionary perspective, maternal transmission of IgE may have evolved to help protect newborn mammals from xenobiotic venoms and ectoparasites. Although this study illustrates the potential for antigen-specific transfer of IgE sensitization, further focused studies will be required to determine whether such transfer contributes to atopic disease susceptibility and development in humans.

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