黑料网

Oral health care; Older people; Multimorbidity; Polypharmacy; Frailty; Sarcopenia; disability; Care dependency

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every facet of our lives, from our daily routines to our physical and mental health. Among the less-discussed consequences are the intricate connections between oral care, depression, and the mysterious condition known as Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) [1]. In this article, we explore the role of oral care in building resilience against these challenges during a pandemic and how it can mitigate their impact on individuals.

Among the frailest and most care-dependent older adults, dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, and xerostomia are particularly prevalent. Despite the fact that most chronic oral diseases are preventable and treatable, a variety of factors make it difficult to maintain good oral health as people age. Ageing is typically viewed as a gradual decline in the functioning of various bodily systems, stemming from the accumulation of damaged tissue and substances caused by intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms [2]. The process of biological ageing is a multifaceted and intricate phenomenon, and although the exact molecular mechanisms behind its onset and progression remain unclear, ample evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a significant role. Kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors are particularly sensitive to changes in cellular redox status, and chronic or severe disruptions in this homeostasis can result in cell death or proliferation. Immune senescence, or the quantitative and qualitative changes in the immune system that accompany ageing, is another hallmark of this process [3].

Understanding the connection

Before we delve into the relationship between oral care, depression, and BMS, it's essential to understand each of these components.

Depression: The pandemic has been a period of heightened stress, uncertainty, and social isolation for many. These factors have contributed to a rise in depression rates [4]. Depression not only affects one's mental state but also has physical manifestations, some of which can affect oral health.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS): BMS is a complex and debilitating condition characterized by a burning or painful sensation in the mouth, often with no apparent cause. It can be exacerbated by stress and anxiety, making it a potential symptom of the emotional distress caused by the pandemic [5].

Oral care: Good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, are essential for maintaining oral health. Neglecting oral care can lead to various dental and gum issues.

The interplay

As we navigate the pandemic, the interplay between these factors becomes evident:

Impact on mental health: The stress, isolation, and uncertainty of the pandemic have taken a toll on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and stress can lead to changes in oral habits, including decreased oral hygiene and increased consumption of comfort foods and sugary snacks [6].

The role of oral care: Neglecting oral care can exacerbate oral health issues, increasing the risk of dental problems. Poor oral health can be a source of discomfort, embarrassment, and additional stress for individuals already struggling with depression or BMS [7].

The vicious cycle: A vicious cycle can emerge, where depression and BMS can lead to worsened oral hygiene practices and, in turn, worsened oral health, causing additional emotional distress.

Oral care resilience

The pandemic has made it clear that maintaining strong oral care practices is essential for overall well-being and resilience in the face of depression and BMS. Here are some ways oral care can build resilience:

Consistent oral hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups are crucial for preventing dental issues. Maintaining good oral health can boost confidence and reduce the chances of discomfort or embarrassment [8 ].

Stress management: Effective stress management techniques, such as meditation, exercise, and counseling, can help individuals cope with the mental health challenges brought about by the pandemic. Reduced stress levels can, in turn, alleviate symptoms of BMS and prevent the exacerbation of depression [9].

Seeking professional help: Individuals struggling with depression or BMS should seek professional help. Mental health care and guidance from dental professionals can provide valuable support and resources [10].

Conclusion

In the midst of a global pandemic, oral care may not be the most obvious focus. However, its impact on depression and Burning Mouth Syndrome cannot be underestimated. The relationship between oral care, mental health, and BMS is a complex one, but it is a relationship that can be managed and improved.

As we face ongoing challenges brought on by the pandemic, individuals and healthcare providers should recognize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and addressing the emotional and physical manifestations of these times. In doing so, we can foster resilience in the face of a pandemic, reduce the impact of depression and BMS, and work toward overall well-being.

1. Kim MJ, Kim J, Kho HS (2018) . Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47: 879-887.

, ,

2. Pohjola V, Lahti S, Vehkalahti MM, Tolvanen M, Hausen H (2007) . Acta Odontol Scand 65: 224-230.

, ,

3. Liinavuori A, Tolvanen M, Pohjola V, Lahti S (2019) . Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 47: 309-315.

, ,

4. Hoglund M, Bagesund M, Shahnavaz S, Wardh I (2019) . Eur J Oral Sci 127: 455-461.

, ,

5. Klingberg G, Broberg AG (2007) . Int J Paediatr Dent 17: 391-406.

, ,

6. Humphris GM, Dyer TA, Robinson PG (2009) . BMC Oral Health 9: 20.

, ,

7. Hagglin C, Carlsson SG, Hakeberg M (2013) . Eur J Oral Sci 121: 235-239.

, ,

8. Liinavuori A, Tolvanen M, Pohjola V, Lahti S (2016) . Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 44: 128-134.

, ,

9. Hagqvist O, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, et al. (2018) . Eur J Oral Sci 126: 300-306.

, ,

10. Humphris GM, Freeman R, Campbell J, Tuutti H, D'Souza V (2000) . Int Dent J 50: 367-370.

, ,