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Dental implants have become the gold standard for replacing missing teeth, offering patients the promise of a natural-looking and functional smile. However, the success of implant procedures goes beyond the implant fixture and prosthetic components. The oftenoverlooked hero in this story is dental cement. In this review article, we delve into the significance of dental cements in maintaining periimplant soft tissue health, shedding light on their pivotal role in ensuring long-term implant success [1].

Another advantage of cement-retained prosthesis is that the restorative cement possesses shock-absorbing properties which decrease the force distribution into the alveolar bone via the implant assembly. Lacking such shock-absorbing materials, the screw-retained prosthesis accumulates these stresses inside the implant assembly which may adversely affect their success rates [2].

One of the biggest challenges associated with cement-retained prosthesis is the difficulty in clearing the residual cement used in the luting of the prosthesis to the dental implant which may leave behind excess cement in the soft tissues around the implant.

In comparison of the control group with the zinc oxide eugenol group, zinc phosphate group and resin cement group, and GIC group, the viability of cells in the control group was found to be significantly higher. This suggests that the gingival fibroblasts are sensitive to cement exposure [3]. Their study also suggested that osteoblasts are comparatively less affected by the cement than fibroblasts.

Micro leakage prevention

One of the critical roles of dental cements is to establish a hermetic seal between the implant components. This seal prevents the infiltration of harmful microorganisms and fluids. Micro leakage can lead to bacterial invasion into the peri-implant soft tissues, potentially causing inflammation, infection, and soft tissue complications. Proper cement selection and precise application are vital for safeguarding the soft tissues surrounding the implant [4].

Tissue adaptation and comfort

The type and consistency of dental cement can significantly influence the adaptation of soft tissues around the implant site. Poorly fitted restorations or excess cement can lead to tissue irritation, which may result in soft tissue inflammation and recession [5]. To prevent these complications, precise application and proper selection of dental cement are essential for maintaining patient comfort.

Biocompatibility matters

Dental cements are available in a range of formulations, and their biocompatibility can vary. The use of biocompatible cements reduces the risk of allergic reactions and tissue rejection, promoting better soft tissue health and patient satisfaction. Choosing materials with low allergenic potential is crucial in enhancing peri-implant soft tissue wellbeing [6,7].

Stability and retention

The stability and retention of implant-supported prostheses are vital for soft tissue health. Dental cements play a pivotal role in maintaining these aspects. A secure attachment of prosthetic components to implant abutments minimizes the risk of micro-movements that can irritate soft tissues. This, in turn, reduces the chances of complications like implant mucositis or peri-implantitis [8,9].

Selecting the right cement

Selecting the appropriate dental cement for implant cases is a critical decision that influences patient outcomes. Dentists and prosthodontists must consider factors such as the type of implant system used, the composition and biocompatibility of the cement, the cement's setting time, and its bond strength [10]. The choice of cement should align with the specific needs of the patient and the intricacies of the implant restoration.

Conclusion

In the realm of implant dentistry, dental cements play a far more significant role in peri-implant soft tissue health than they are often credited for. By establishing a hermetic seal, promoting biocompatibility, and ensuring stability, these cements contribute significantly to the overall success of implant procedures. Dentists and prosthodontists must exercise care in selecting the right cement and employing precise techniques to protect the soft tissues surrounding dental implants. When dental cements are used correctly, they become a cornerstone in the foundation of implant-supported restorations, ensuring their longevity and the well-being of the tissues that support them. Understanding the crucial role of dental cements in maintaining peri-implant soft tissue health is a step closer to achieving optimal implant outcomes and patient satisfaction.

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