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Abstract

The gut microbiota, a diverse and dynamic collection of microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, has a significant impact on the host during homeostasis and illness. The formation of the human gut microbiota during infancy is influenced by a variety of variables. One of the primary factors affecting the gut microbiota over the course of a lifetime is thought to be diet. In keeping immunological and metabolic balance and warding off infections, intestinal bacteria are essential. Numerous inflammatory illnesses and infections have been linked to altered gut bacterial makeup, or dysbiosis. Understanding inter-individual variability, the variety of bacterial populations in and around the GI tract, functional redundancy, and the necessity of separating cause from effect in dysbiosis-related situations are all necessary for properly interpreting these results. The evolution and makeup of the human GI microbiota, as well as its effects on gut integrity and host health, are summarised in this review, which highlights the need for mechanistic investigations that concentrate on host-microbe interactions.