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Abstract

One of the main causes of cancer deaths is metastasis. In any case, the systems of disease cells gaining forcefulness and metastatic potential are still being scrutinized. Despite the fact that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as the cells that start tumors and are responsible for cancer metastasis, no sufficiently practical models have been discovered due to the lack of CSCs. Using conditioned media (CM) from various cancer cell lines and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs), we have created novel CSC models. Here, we attempted to lay out the models of metastasis utilizing three unique CSC models, miPS-LLCev, miPS-BT549cm and miPS-Huh7cm cells. By injecting mice intraperitoneally, these CSC models' metastatic capabilities were evaluated. Histological examination of the developed metastases revealed differences in gene expression between the parent and metastasized cells. The outflow of CSC and stemness markers was kept up with in the cells confined from metastasis. RNA-sequencing was used to further investigate the three types of CSCs and identify the enriched cytoplasmic signaling pathways. Consequently, the three CSC models displayed distinct patterns of metastases, with miPS-LLCev cell metastasis appearing to be the most aggressive, demonstrating pulmonary metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which originated within the liver. In miPS-LLCev and miPS-Huh7cm cells, the "HIF-1 pathway" was suggested as a candidate for an enriched pathway, indicating that these CSC models had distinct metastatic potential. As a result, we came to the conclusion that the CSC models developed in this study would provide accurate models of aggressiveness-related metastasis.