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Abstract

Medical implants and surgery have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, revolutionizing the landscape of healthcare and patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in medical implants and surgical techniques, addressing both the remarkable progress achieved and the challenges that persist. The review begins by examining the diverse range of medical implants, encompassing orthopedic, cardiovascular, neural, and soft tissue implants. State-of-the-art materials, such as biocompatible polymers, ceramics, and smart materials, are discussed in depth, highlighting their role in enhancing implant durability, functionality, and biointegration. In the realm of surgical procedures, this review delves into minimally invasive techniques, robotic-assisted surgeries, and the integration of augmented reality in the operating room. These advancements contribute to reduced patient recovery times, minimized scarring, and improved surgical precision. The emergence of telemedicine and remote surgery is also explored, offering insights into how technology is reshaping the accessibility and delivery of surgical care. Despite these remarkable strides, challenges persist in the form of implant-associated infections, material compatibility issues, and the need for long-term implant monitoring. Ethical considerations related to emerging technologies, patient privacy, and equitable access to cutting-edge medical interventions are also discussed. Additionally, regulatory frameworks governing medical implants and surgical innovations are scrutinized to ensure the safe and effective integration of these technologies into clinical practice.

Looking ahead, the review outlines the potential future directions for medical implants and surgery, including the integration of artificial intelligence for personalized treatment plans, the development of self-healing materials, and the exploration of biohybrid implants. The role of interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, clinicians, and researchers is emphasized as crucial for driving further innovation in this field.