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Abstract

Musculoskeletal surgery encompasses a broad spectrum of procedures aimed at addressing disorders and injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and related structures. This specialized field of surgery plays a pivotal role in restoring function, alleviating pain, and improving the overall quality of life for individuals afflicted with musculoskeletal conditions. The evolution of musculoskeletal surgery has been marked by advancements in surgical techniques, technologies, and a deepened understanding of biomechanics and tissue healing. This comprehensive review explores various aspects of musculoskeletal surgery, including its historical development, the current state of the art, and future directions. The review encompasses surgical interventions for diverse musculoskeletal pathologies, ranging from trauma-induced injuries and degenerative joint diseases to congenital anomalies and neoplastic conditions. Key topics include joint replacement surgeries, arthroscopic procedures, fracture fixation techniques, spinal surgeries, and soft tissue reconstructions.

The multidisciplinary nature of musculoskeletal surgery is highlighted, emphasizing the collaboration between orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, rheumatologists, and other healthcare professionals. Additionally, the role of emerging technologies, such as robotic-assisted surgery and 3D printing, in advancing precision and personalized approaches to musculoskeletal interventions is explored. The review also delves into the challenges and considerations associated with musculoskeletal surgery, including perioperative care, rehabilitation strategies, and the importance of patient education. The impact of musculoskeletal surgery on health economics, healthcare systems, and societal well-being is discussed, underscoring the significance of optimizing outcomes while managing healthcare resources efficiently.