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Abstract

Phenolic pollutants, commonly found in industrial effluents, pose significant environmental and health risks due to their toxic and persistent nature. Traditional methods of phenolic wastewater treatment, including chemical and physical processes, are often expensive and inefficient. Algae-based bioremediation has emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative for the removal of phenolic compounds from contaminated environments. This approach leverages the natural ability of algae to absorb, degrade, and detoxify various pollutants. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress in algae-mediated bioremediation of phenolic pollutants, highlighting the mechanisms involved, such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, and enzymatic degradation. Additionally, the challenges and limitations faced by this technology, including the efficiency of pollutant removal, scalability, and the influence of environmental factors, are discussed. Future research directions and strategies for optimizing algae-based bioremediation systems are also explored.