Review Article
Amyloid-脙聝脜陆脙聜脗虏 Oligomers and Aluminum Co-Aggregate to Form Toxic Amyloid Channels in Alzheimers Disease Brain: A New Amyloid-脙聝脜陆脙聜脗虏 Channel-Aluminum Hypotheses
Yoichiro Kuroda*
The Environmental Neuroscience Information Center, Japan
- *Corresponding Author:
- Yoichiro Kuroda
The Environmental Neuroscience Information Center
5-21-5, Sekimae, Musashino-shi
Tokyo, 1800014, Japan
E-mail: yo-kuroda@nifty.com
Received date: March 20, 2017; Accepted date: March 27, 2017; Published date: March 31, 2017
Citation: Kuroda Y (2017) Amyloid-ß Oligomers and Aluminum Co-Aggregate to Form Toxic Amyloid Channels in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain: A New “Amyloid-ß Channel-Aluminum Hypotheses”. J Neuroinfect Dis 8:241. doi:10.4172/2314-7326.1000241
Copyright: © 2017 Kuroda Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Large numbers of senile plaques are thought to be characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but these deposits are also a by-product of normal senescence. In AD and normal brains, senile plaques are primarily composed of amyloid-ß peptides (Aß P) with aluminum (Al). Evidence suggests the oligomerization of Aß P is part of the molecular mechanism of AD pathogenesis by forming neurotoxic amyloid channels. However, the relationship between Al and AD has been a subject of scientific debate for many years. The complex nature of Al bioavailability has made it difficult to evaluate its toxicity to the human brain. In 2004, Al concentration in CSF of AD patients analyzed to be 1.6 ± 0.4 times higher than normal people. Importantly, AD patients with more Al in CSF showed less MMSE score, indicating Al may decrease cognitive ability. Recently, Al accumulations in sporadic AD and familial AD brains were reported to be much higher than in normal control brains. Above its neurotoxicity, Al3+ has a crucial role as a cross-linker in ß-amyloid oligomerization. Therefore, I propose a hypothesis that ß-amyloid oligomerizes with Al, forming non-specific cation amyloid channels in cell membranes, which allows calcium to enter cells and finally causes neuronal death by together with Al’s own neurotoxicity.
