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Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of asthma pathogenesis and explores emerging insights into personalized care approaches. Diagnostic advancements, including phenotype and endotype classification, along with novel biomarkers and imaging modalities, facilitate precise disease characterization. Personalized care strategies aim to tailor treatment based on individual characteristics, leveraging biologic therapies and precision medicine initiatives. Emerging therapeutic modalities, such as small molecule inhibitors and advanced drug delivery systems, offer promising avenues for improved asthma management. Ultimately, understanding the heterogeneity of asthma and translating insights into personalized clinical practice are critical for optimizing patient outcomes and quality of life.