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Abstract

The application of nanotechnology to oncology is transforming cancer treatment and diagnosis while also significantly enhancing prognosis. The use of bio- and nanotechnologies, along with the clinical translation of the most recent discoveries in cancer research, is largely to blame for this. The development of more specific targeted therapy for the majority of human malignancies is progressively being influenced by cancer genomes and early diagnoses. A significant advancement in this area has been made during the past ten years thanks to the collection of fundamental information. Through the identification of novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers, nanooncology has aided in the creation of cutting-edge multifunctionalized nanoparticles for tumour imaging and targeting as well as more sensitive biosensors for early cancer detection. Nanooncology is anticipated to soon make very early tumour diagnosis possible,along with customised cancer treatment. Metal waste and contamination cleanup may be accomplished by the use of microbial metal reduction. In some instances, the bacteria that may decrease metal ions demonstrate the ability to precipitate metals at the nanoscale scale. Bacteria are capable of mobilising and immobilising metals. Around the world, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) utilising bacteria has arisen as a quickly growing study field in green nanotechnology, with diverse biological entities constantly being exploited in NPs synthesis as an ecological option to traditional chemical and physical processes. Fast, clean synthesis of NPs with specified morphologies and regulated sizes is possible through process optimization. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to reflect on the situation as it is now, as well as on the potential for the future.