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Abstract

The evolution of autotrophy, characterized by the ability of organisms to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds, is a cornerstone of life on Earth. This study provides a comparative analysis of the biochemical pathways involved in CO2 fixation across various autotrophic organisms. By examining the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, the reverse Krebs cycle, the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, and the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, we aim to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories and adaptations that have led to the diversification of autotrophic mechanisms. Understanding these pathways not only sheds light on the evolution of life but also has implications for bioengineering and sustainability