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Abstract

Cervical screening, commonly known as Pap smears or cervical cytology, is a critical component of women's healthcare worldwide. It plays a pivotal role in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. This paper provides an in-depth examination of cervical screening, its history, methodologies, controversies, recent advances, and its global impact on women's health. Cervical screening, also known as cervical cancer screens or Pap smear testing, is a crucial element of women's healthcare aimed at the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. This comprehensive abstract delves into the significance, methods, challenges, and advancements in cervical screening. Cervical cancer is a major global health concern, and regular screening has proven to be an effective tool in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with this disease. The primary objective of cervical screening is the detection of pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, enabling early intervention and treatment to prevent the progression to invasive cancer. The most common screening method involves obtaining cervical cells through a Pap smear, where cells are collected and examined for abnormalities. Recent advancements in cervical screening techniques, including the utilization of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) testing, have improved the accuracy and efficiency of early detection.