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Abstract

Pain management in internal medicine addresses the complex and multifaceted nature of pain associated with various chronic conditions, including musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disorders. Internists employ a comprehensive approach that includes thorough pain assessment, pharmacological treatments such as analgesics and opioids, and non-pharmacological strategies like physical therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Challenges such as the complexity of chronic pain, comorbid conditions, and the need for opioid stewardship necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Future advancements in personalized medicine, technological innovations, and integrated treatment strategies hold promise for improving pain management and enhancing patient outcomes.