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Abstract

Coronary atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of plaques within the walls of coronary arteries, leading to restricted blood flow and an increased risk of heart attack. This condition results from the deposition of lipids, inflammatory cells, and other substances that form plaques, which can occlude coronary arteries and impede blood flow to the heart muscle. Diagnosis is achieved through various methods, including Coronary Reserve Flow (CFR) assessment, serum markers, and imaging techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and coronary angiography. Risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis include cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a sedentary lifestyle. The progression of plaques can cause angina pectoris, which may present as stable or unstable angina, and contribute to acute coronary syndrome. Management of coronary atherosclerosis involves lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation and regular physical activity, as well as pharmacological treatments such as statins to lower cholesterol levels. Early detection and intervention are crucial for reducing the risk and managing the impact of coronary atherosclerosis.