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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and axonal damage. Over the years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of MS. This abstract provides an overview of the current updates in the diagnosis and management of MS, aimed at general neurologists. In recent years, advancements in neuroimaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have greatly improved the early diagnosis and monitoring of MS. Revised diagnostic criteria, such as the 2017 McDonald criteria, have enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of MS diagnosis. Moreover, the discovery of specific biomarkers has shown promise in aiding early diagnosis and predicting disease progression. The treatment landscape for MS has also evolved substantially. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) remain the cornerstone of MS management, with an expanding array of options available, including oral, injectable, and infusion-based medications. Personalized treatment plans, guided by factors such as disease activity, patient preferences, and potential side effects, have become increasingly important in optimizing patient outcomes. Additionally, symptomatic management and rehabilitation strategies have gained prominence in improving the quality of life for MS patients. Emerging therapies targeting neuroprotection and demyelination offer hope for addressing the long-term disability associated with the disease. This abstract underscores the importance of staying updated with the latest developments in the field of MS diagnosis and management, as early intervention and tailored treatment plans are crucial in improving patient outcomes and minimizing disease-related disability. General neurologists play a vital role in the multidisciplinary care of MS patients, and their understanding of current updates is essential in providing the best possible care.