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Abstract

Dental anomalies encompass a broad spectrum of developmental deviations that can impact the teeth's number, size, shape, and structure. These anomalies, often detected through clinical examination and radiographic imaging, can arise from genetic, environmental, or multifactorial influences. The most commonly observed dental anomalies include congenital absence of teeth, supernumerary teeth, variations in tooth morphology such as peg-shaped or fused teeth, and abnormal tooth sizes such as microdontia and macrodontia. Other anomalies include alterations in tooth eruption patterns and enamel defects such as hypoplasia and hypocalcification. These anomalies can have significant implications for oral health, impacting not only aesthetics and function but also complicating orthodontic treatment and increasing susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease. Management of dental anomalies requires a comprehensive approach involving early detection, diagnostic assessment, and interdisciplinary treatment planning to address both the functional and aesthetic concerns of affected individuals. Advances in genetic research, imaging technologies, and restorative techniques continue to enhance our understanding and management of these conditions. This abstract highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing dental anomalies to improve patient outcomes and overall dental health. Dental anomalies encompass a diverse range of deviations from normal tooth development and structure, impacting both the functional and aesthetic aspects of dental health.

These anomalies can be broadly categorized into morphological, developmental, and positional deviations, each with unique etiologies and implications. Morphological anomalies include variations in tooth size, shape, and number, such as microdontia, macrodontia, and supernumerary teeth. Developmental anomalies involve disruptions in the formation and eruption of teeth, including conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Positional anomalies refer to irregularities in the alignment and occlusion of teeth, such as impactions and malocclusions. Understanding the underlying causes of dental anomalies, which may include genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of dental anomalies, discussing their classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies. By synthesizing current research and clinical practices, the paper seeks to enhance awareness and guide future research in the field of dental anomalies, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.