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Abstract

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a prevalent health issue, significantly impacting quality of life and healthcare costs worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying LBP remain incompletely understood, posing challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This review explores the molecular pathways implicated in LBP pathogenesis, including inflammatory, neurogenic, and degenerative processes. We discuss biomarkers, imaging advancements, and molecular diagnostics in identifying the etiology of LBP. Emerging therapeutic targets are also highlighted, emphasizing the importance of translational research in improving clinical outcomes. Understanding these mechanisms may pave the way for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in LBP management.