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Abstract

Oral microbiota plays a pivotal role in shaping systemic immune responses, influencing both local and systemic immunity. The human oral cavity is a habitat for a diverse array of microorganisms that interact with host cells, modulating immune function. Recent research has revealed that oral microbiota can influence the development and regulation of systemic immune responses through various mechanisms, including the production of cytokines, regulation of T-cell activity, and shaping systemic inflammation. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiota, often resulting from factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, or systemic diseases, can lead to immune system dysfunction and contribute to conditions like cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and even neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the complex relationship between oral microbiota and systemic immunity is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting oral health to improve overall immune function. This review discusses the implications of oral microbiota in systemic immune modulation and its potential in oral immunology research.