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Abstract

Synthetic biology is a new exciting field that has been defined as new tools to address chemical synthesis problems and issues, which are beyond the capabilities of conventional approaches. This review paper, "Harnessing the Power of Life: ”Synthetic Biology for Next-Generation Chemical Synthesis,” is an excellent paper that offers detailed analysis of the incorporation of synthetic biology into the synthesis process. Prelims of the paper include an introduction that discusses the application of chemical synthesis in different fields and the rationale for using synthetic biology, the subsequent sections that describe the principles, methods, and instruments of synthetic biology. It compares them with the traditional chemical synthesis methods where these issues and difficulties are embedded. The combined importance of synthetic biology and chemical synthesis is highlighted together with the benefits and opportunities arising from the synergy of both fields. Some of the approaches to design microorganisms to produce desirable chemicals involve metabolic engineering and pathway optimization is highlighted with examples that demonstrate how they lead to improved yield and productivity. The review also discusses biocatalysis, with the emphasis on enzyme engineering and directed evolution as the key strategies for the addition of the chemical synthesis toolkit. Design of synthetic routes for the synthesis of specific target molecules is discussed, with particular focus on rational design approaches and the use of computation tools. By explaining a number of real-life examples, the paper reveals how synthetic biology has been implemented practically across the realms of pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing and specialty materials. It also highlights the current technical issues and limitations, as well as regulatory and ethical issues, in order to give some consideration of future developments and potential advances in the area. In conclusion, drawing the main ideas outlined in the paper, the review emphasizes major findings and their future impact on the further development of synthetic biology as a breakthrough in chemical synthesis evolution.