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Abstract

The etiology of structural focal epilepsy often involves identifiable brain abnormalities visible on MRI, such as cortical dysplasia, hippocampal sclerosis, and tumors. Despite the presence of these structural changes, not all individuals with such abnormalities develop epilepsy, suggesting a significant role for genetic factors. This article reviews the hereditary patterns associated with seizure disorders in the context of MRI-defined structural focal epilepsy. It explores how genetic predispositions contribute to the development of focal seizures and interacts with structural brain abnormalities. Key hereditary aspects include monogenic epilepsies, genetic syndromes with associated structural changes, and familial epilepsy. The interplay between genetic factors and MRI findings influences both seizure susceptibility and the manifestation of epilepsy. Insights from genetic research and imaging studies have important implications for diagnosis, personalized treatment, and family counseling. Understanding these hereditary patterns and their interaction with structural abnormalities is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes in focal epilepsy.