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Abstract

High-risk pregnancy refers to a situation in which the health of the mother, fetus, or both may be at greater risk compared to a typical pregnancy. This condition can arise due to pre-existing health problems, complications during pregnancy, or factors associated with the pregnancy itself. Women with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, heart disease, obesity, or advanced maternal age (over 35 years old) are considered to be at a higher risk of developing complications during pregnancy. Additionally, pregnancies involving multiple fetuses, preterm labor, placental abnormalities, and previous pregnancy complications also fall into the high-risk category. Monitoring high-risk pregnancies involves frequent prenatal visits, ultrasounds, blood tests, and other diagnostic measures to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the fetus. Medical management often includes tailored care plans, medications, dietary recommendations, and potentially early delivery if the risks become life-threatening. Advances in medical technology and maternal-fetal medicine have significantly improved outcomes in high-risk pregnancies, although they still carry elevated risks of preterm birth, birth defects, and maternal or neonatal morbidity and mortality.

The management of high-risk pregnancies requires a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, maternalfetal medicine specialists, neonatologists, and other healthcare professionals. The goal is to provide comprehensive care, minimize risks, and achieve the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby. As awareness of these risks has grown, so has the focus on early intervention, patient education, and targeted treatments to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Research continues to explore new methods of prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment, making the future of high-risk pregnancy care promising yet still complex.