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Abstract

Hydropower, as a renewable and clean energy source, has emerged as a catalyst for sustainable development, playing a pivotal role in addressing the energy needs of growing populations while minimizing environmental impact. This paper explores the multifaceted contributions of hydropower to sustainable development, examining its socioeconomic, environmental, and technological dimensions. On the socio-economic front, hydropower projects have demonstrated the potential to spur economic growth by creating job opportunities, fostering local industries, and attracting investments. The reliable and consistent energy output from hydropower plants contributes to energy security, reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating the associated geopolitical risks. Additionally, the revenue generated from hydropower projects can be channelled into community development initiatives, further enhancing the overall well-being of the affected regions.

Environmental sustainability is a critical aspect of hydropower's impact. Unlike conventional fossil fuel-based energy sources, hydropower produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions, making it an environmentally friendly alternative. However, the development of hydropower projects necessitates careful consideration of ecological consequences, such as habitat disruption and alteration of river ecosystems. The paper explores strategies for mitigating these environmental impacts through responsible planning, advanced technologies, and ecosystem restoration efforts.