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Abstract

As the global climate continues to fluctuate, the agricultural sector faces unprecedented challenges in sustaining crop productivity and ensuring food security. Among the most vulnerable areas is horticulture, where environmental variations significantly impact yield, quality, and resilience of crops. To address this pressing issue, a multifaceted approach integrating agronomic practices, breeding techniques, and technological innovations is imperative. This review explores strategies aimed at enhancing environmental adaptability in horticultural crops. Firstly, we examine agronomic interventions such as precision irrigation, soil management, and integrated pest management, which optimize resource utilization and mitigate stressors. Secondly, we delve into the advancements in breeding programs focused on developing resilient cultivars capable of withstanding diverse environmental conditions. Incorporating traits such as drought tolerance, disease resistance, and heat resilience through traditional breeding methods and modern biotechnological tools holds promise for future crop improvement. Furthermore, technological innovations including remote sensing, robotics, and controlled environment agriculture are revolutionizing horticultural production systems. By providing real-time data, enhancing efficiency, and minimizing environmental impacts, these technologies offer practical solutions to mitigate climate-related challenges.

However, successful implementation of these strategies necessitates collaboration among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, farmers, and industry partners. Bridging the gap between scientific advancements and onground application is paramount to ensure widespread adoption and impact. In conclusion, enhancing environmental adaptability in horticultural crops requires a holistic approach integrating agronomic practices, breeding efforts, and technological innovations. By embracing innovation and fostering collaborative partnerships, we can fortify the resilience of horticultural systems against climate variability and secure global food production for future generations.