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Abstract

ICIs have bettered progression-free and overall survival of numerous cases with different types of cancer. With recent studies demonstrating the remedial benefit of ICIs either as a single agent or in combination with other ICIs or nephrotoxic cancer agents (e.g., platinum or vascular endothelial growth factor impediments), ICI curatives are being used more constantly. still, these curatives are known to induce seditious towel damage, causing vulnerable-affiliated adverse events (irAEs) 2 which can do in over to 80 of cases treated withICI.3 Overall, prevalence of AKI in cases entering immunotherapy can reach up to 17 with 2 to 5 estimated to be directly attributable to immunotherapy.4, 5 Programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 signaling pathway, or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 signaling pathway leaguer by monoclonal antibodies breaks vulnerable forbearance by unleashing inert towel-specific tone- reactive T cells, leading to T- cell dysregulation and development of irAEs