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Abstract

Neuro-HIV, characterized by the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), presents a complex landscape when compounded by bacterial infections. This intersection of viral and bacterial pathogens within the CNS poses significant challenges to both diagnosis and treatment, impacting the prognosis and quality of life for affected individuals.HIV is notorious for its ability to infiltrate the CNS early in the course of infection, establishing reservoirs in the brain and spinal cord. This infiltration not only compromises the immune defenses within the CNS but also sets the stage for opportunistic infections, including bacterial pathogens. The hallmark of neuro-HIV includes a spectrum of neurological disorders such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which can range from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. These complications arise due to direct viral toxicity, inflammatory responses, and the disruption of neuronal function and connectivity.