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Abstract

Objective: This study aims to delineate effective treatment protocols for neonatal anemia, focusing on the differentiation between acute and chronic blood loss and assessing the degree of hypovolemia.

Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, encompassing clinical trials, observational studies, and expert opinions related to neonatal anemia management. Specific attention was given to the physiological differences in neonates and the unique challenges posed by their developing hematological systems.

Results: Treatment approaches for neonatal anemia vary significantly based on the underlying etiology – acute versus chronic blood loss – and the severity of hypovolemia. In cases of acute blood loss, immediate restoration of blood volume and hemoglobin levels is critical, often necessitating rapid blood transfusion. For chronic blood loss, a more conservative approach is often appropriate, with emphasis on gradual correction of anemia to allow physiological adaptation. In both scenarios, careful monitoring and supportive care are essential to address potential complications and ensure optimal outcomes.

Conclusion: Neonatal anemia is a complex condition requiring nuanced treatment strategies. This review highlights the importance of tailoring management based on the specific characteristics of the anemia – acute or chronic – and the degree of hypovolemia. It underscores the need for ongoing research to refine these treatment approaches and optimize care for this vulnerable population.