Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction: The Role of the Renin- Angiotensin Axis, Oxidized LDL, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Hyperglycemia, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Autoimmunity.
Received Date: Sep 01, 2024 / Published Date: Sep 30, 2024
Abstract
Homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood, has been implicated in various pathophysiological processes, including endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to atherogenesis. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO), increased intracellular oxidative stress, and activation of pro-atherogenic mechanisms. This review examines the potential of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, betaine, and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate in lowering homocysteine levels. These nutrients act through different mechanisms to reduce homocysteine concentrations, potentially mitigating the associated adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Current clinical trials are investigating the efficacy of folate supplementation in homocysteine reduction. This abstract summarizes the role of these nutrients in homocysteine metabolism and their impact on vascular health, highlighting the ongoing research efforts in this area.
Citation: Kuznetsov Y (2024) Effects of Vitamin B6, B12, Folic Acid, Betaine, and 5-Methyl Tetrahydrofolate on Homocysteine Levels and Its Impact on NO Availability, Oxidative Stress, and Pro-Atherogenic Mechanisms. Atheroscler 黑料网 9: 281.
Copyright: © 2024 Kuznetsov Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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