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Abstract

Lymphomas, a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from lymphoid tissue, are classified into various molecular subtypes, each with distinct genetic and clinical features. Accurate diagnosis of these subtypes is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis. This article reviews the molecular subtypes of lymphoma, including Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), Follicular Lymphoma (FL), Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma (PMBL). It highlights the diagnostic approaches used to identify these subtypes, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, nextgeneration sequencing, and flow cytometry. The implications of accurate molecular subtyping on treatment decisions and prognostication are also discussed. By integrating molecular and traditional diagnostic methods, clinicians can better personalize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.