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Abstract

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic commonly used for the management of severe pain. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of morphine is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy and minimizing the risk of adverse effects. This abstract provides a concise overview of the key aspects of morphine pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Absorption of morphine primarily occurs through various routes, including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and transdermal administration. The rate and extent of absorption can be influenced by factors such as the formulation, route of administration, and individual patient characteristics. Once absorbed, morphine distributes extensively throughout the body, crossing the blood-brain barrier to exert its analgesic effects. It binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in pain relief. Distribution is also influenced by factors such as plasma protein binding and tissue permeability.