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Abstract

Mucosal immunotherapy represents a promising approach for the treatment and prevention of various infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. Mucosal surfaces, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, serve as the first line of defense against pathogens and environmental insults. This unique anatomical feature is associated with specialized immune mechanisms that can be harnessed for targeted therapeutic interventions. This abstract provides an overview of mucosal immunotherapy, highlighting its key principles, mechanisms, and potential applications. Mucosal immunotherapy encompasses various strategies, including the administration of vaccines, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and the modulation of mucosal immune responses. Vaccines delivered via mucosal routes have shown promising results in stimulating robust immune responses at mucosal surfaces, inducing both local and systemic immunity. They have been explored for the prevention and control of respiratory infections, gastrointestinal diseases, and sexually transmitted infections. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, traditionally administered through subcutaneous injections, can be adapted for mucosal delivery to promote immune tolerance and alleviate allergic symptoms. Mucosal administration of allergens aims to induce local immune regulatory mechanisms and dampen exaggerated allergic responses. Furthermore, the modulation of mucosal immune responses offers potential therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders. By targeting specific immune cells or molecules involved in mucosal inflammation, it is possible to attenuate autoimmune reactions and restore immune homeostasis. Mucosal immunotherapy holds several advantages over conventional systemic approaches, including non-invasiveness, ease of administration, and potential for improved patient compliance. However, challenges such as antigen stability, dosing optimization, and mucosal immune tolerance need to be addressed to maximize therapeutic efficacy. mucosal immunotherapy represents a promising frontier in the field of immunology and therapeutic interventions. By leveraging the unique characteristics of mucosal surfaces and their associated immune responses, this approach holds significant potential for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases, ultimately improving human health and well-being.