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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults through a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies assessing the impact of music therapy on depression in older adults. Data were extracted on study characteristics, intervention details, and outcome measures. Effect sizes were calculated, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to determine the overall effect of music therapy on depressive symptoms.

Results: Our review included [number] studies with a total of [number] participants. The meta-analysis revealed a moderate to large effect size for music therapy in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults (Hedges' g = [effect size]). Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions involving active music therapy (e.g., songwriting, improvisation) were more effective than passive music therapy (e.g., listening). The quality of evidence varied, with several studies reporting methodological limitations.

Conclusions: Music therapy appears to be an effective intervention for reducing depression in older adults. While the overall effect is promising, further research with rigorous methodologies is needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols. Future studies should focus on standardizing intervention approaches and exploring long-term effects.