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Abstract

Neonatal stroke, a critical and often under-recognized condition, pertains to a cerebrovascular event that occurs between 24 weeks of fetal life and the 28th day postnatally. This condition is characterized by the disruption of blood flow to the developing brain, leading to various degrees of neurological impairment and developmental challenges. The etiology of neonatal stroke is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and perinatal factors. The clinical presentation can be subtle or overt, with symptoms such as seizures, lethargy, and feeding difficulties often being the initial indicators. Advances in neuroimaging have enhanced the detection and understanding of neonatal strokes, aiding in the early diagnosis and management. Treatment approaches primarily focus on mitigating neurological damage, managing complications, and supporting neurodevelopmental outcomes. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for neonatal stroke, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and prompt intervention in this vulnerable population.