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Abstract

In the realm of infectious diseases, a subset of pathogens poses a unique and formidable challenge: neuroinfectious agents. These microorganisms have the capacity to invade the central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord, leading to a diverse array of neurological complications. This article delves into the intricate world of neuroinfectious agents, exploring their characteristics, mechanisms of invasion, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and ongoing research efforts.

Neuroinfectious agents encompass a broad spectrum of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and prions, capable of causing infections within the CNS. These pathogens can enter the nervous system through various routes, such as hematogenous spread (via bloodstream), direct extension from adjacent tissues, or through the peripheral nerves. Once inside the CNS, they can disrupt normal neurological function, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially life-threatening complications.