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Abstract

Pesticide contamination of soil and water poses significant environmental and health risks due to the persistence and toxicity of these chemicals. Traditional methods for pesticide removal, such as chemical treatments and physical extraction, often have limitations, including high costs, environmental impact, and inefficiency for large-scale applications. Bioremediation, the use of microorganisms, plants, or enzymes to degrade or transform contaminants, offers a promising, sustainable alternative for the degradation of pesticides in contaminated environments. This review explores novel bioremediation strategies for pesticide degradation in soil and water, focusing on recent advances in microbial degradation, plant-based bioremediation, and bioreactor technologies. Additionally, the article highlights the use of genetically engineered microorganisms, microbial consortia, and enzymatic treatments to enhance the efficiency of pesticide breakdown. The challenges associated with these techniques, including environmental factors, scalability, and regulatory concerns, are also discussed. Understanding these novel approaches is essential for improving bioremediation practices and mitigating the long-term impact of pesticide pollution.