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Abstract

Preeclampsia is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. Affecting approximately 5-8% of pregnancies worldwide, it remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although the exact etiology of preeclampsia is not fully understood, it is believed to be associated with abnormal placental development and function, which triggers systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Risk factors include first-time pregnancies, history of preeclampsia, advanced maternal age, obesity, multiple gestations, and pre-existing conditions such as chronic hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease.Symptoms of preeclampsia can vary from mild to severe, with common indicators including elevated blood pressure, proteinuria, severe headaches, visual disturbances, upper abdominal pain, and sudden swelling in the face, hands, or feet. Early recognition and diagnosis are critical to managing the condition and preventing progression to eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures and can pose serious risks to both mother and baby.Management of preeclampsia depends on the severity of the condition and the gestational age of the fetus. Mild cases may be managed with increased monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and medication to control blood pressure, allowing the pregnancy to continue safely until the baby reaches term.