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Abstract

Pre-transplant conditioning regimens are pivotal in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for leukemia, aiming to eradicate malignant cells, suppress the recipient's immune system, and facilitate donor cell engraftment. This article explores current practices and recent advances in pre-transplant conditioning regimens, encompassing chemotherapy, total body irradiation (TBI), reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), targeted therapies, and immunomodulatory approaches. Key considerations include regimen selection based on disease status and patient characteristics, optimization of treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity, and innovations in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Challenges in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) management and long-term outcomes are also discussed, highlighting the evolving landscape of allo-HSCT for leukemia.