Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes in 14 Countries: The INTERPRET-DD Study
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Abstract
Aim: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common but severe microvascular complication of diabetes. We report the prevalence and risk factors for DPN in people with type 2 diabetes in 14 different countries. Methods: A total of 2733 people with type 2 diabetes aged 18- 65 years (45.3% men, mean duration of diabetes 8.8 years) was included in the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET-DD) study, which was conducted in 14 countries. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect sociodemographic characteristics and medical records of subjects using a structured questionnaire and laboratory tests were subsequently carried out for clinical measurement. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression accounting for clustering of participants within the country was used to determine potential risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of DPN was 26.71% and the country-specific prevalence showed considerable variation. Multivariate analysis revealed that longer duration of diabetes (OR: 1.08 per 1-year increase, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09), poor glycemic control (OR: 1.11 per 1% increase in HbA1c, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18), history of hypertension (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18- 2.12), cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.55-2.78) and depressive symptoms (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.43-2.58) were independently associated with DPN. Conclusions: The results of this international study suggest that more than a quarter of individuals with type 2 diabetes are affected by DPN, which is significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and depressive symptoms.
