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Abstract

Materials science and engineering have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with a growing emphasis on designing and manipulating materials at the micro and Nano scale to achieve desired properties. Shrinkage and expansion processes have emerged as versatile techniques in the development of (bio) materials with tailored characteristics. This research article explores the principles, methods, and applications of engineering (bio) materials through shrinkage and expansion, highlighting their potential to revolutionize industries ranging from healthcare to electronics