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Abstract

The delivery of drugs to the eye has been a major challenge for pharmacologists due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye. Static barriers (various layers of the cornea, sclera, and retina, including aqueous and bloodretinal barriers), dynamic barriers (choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance, and tear dilution), and drip pumps. especially in the rear segment. The identification of impulse transporters on different ocular tissues and the design of a transporter-targeted parenteral drug delivery have gained momentum in recent years. In parallel, colloidal dosage forms such as nanoparticles, nanocells, liposomes, and micro emulsions have been extensively studied to overcome various static and dynamic barriers. Novel drug delivery strategies such as bioadhesive gels and fibrin glues have been developed to maintain drug levels at the target site. The development of non-invasive continuous drug delivery systems and research into the feasibility of local use for post-drug delivery could greatly improve drug delivery in the years to come. Recent developments in the field of ophthalmic drug delivery promise significant improvements in overcoming the challenges of various diseases of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. A better understanding of the nature of ocular diseases, barriers, and factors affecting in vivo performance would significantly advance the development of new delivery systems. The current momentum in the invention of new drug delivery systems promises greatly improved therapies for the treatment of vision disorders.