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Abstract

Background: Through this first large retrospective cohort study in Mongolia, we tried to provide some useful information for predicting the character of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Materials and methods: Adult inpatients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed from national, provincial, and municipal health reports from April 1, 2020 to October 1, 2021.

Results: 554 non-survivor and 161 survivors, for a total of 715 patients were included in the final analysis. Female patients accounted for 51.5% of all patients. The mean age was 65.5 (18-100) years, and patients in the non-survivor group were much older than those in the survivor group (57 years vs. 69 years, p<0.001). Most of the cases in the non-survivor group had unvaccinated (139; 25%). The top five symptoms in all patients were cough (78.3%), dyspnea (74.5%), fever (39.9%), chest pain (46.3%), and fatigue (26.9%). Factors of comorbidity such as cardiovascular disease (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), and cancer (p=0.003), were statistically significant. Patients with hypertension (OR: 5.065, 95% CI, 3.065-8.368, p<0.001) were significantly different between survivor and non-survivor groups.

Conclusion: Elderly, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension were the major predictors of COVID-19 patient mortality in the multivariate analysis. From these findings, improving the infection situation in Mongolian patients may require greater attention and improvement in the management of the character of patients in COVID-19 patients. However, in an environment with limited economic resources like our country, high costs could be restrictive in Mongolia.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Risk factor; Mortality