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Abstract

Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei species and transmitted through the bites of infected tsetse flies found in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease presents in two stages: the first affects the blood and lymphatic system, while the second involves the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological complications. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, altered sleep patterns, confusion, and, in advanced cases, coma. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, serological tests, and microscopic examination of body fluids. Treatment varies by disease stage, with pentamidine and suramin used in the first stage, while melarsoprol and eflornithine are reserved for the second stage. Preventive measures include tsetse fly control, protective clothing, and public health education. Despite advancements in treatment and prevention, sleeping sickness remains a significant public health concern, necessitating continued global efforts for its control and elimination.

Keywords: African Trypanosomiasis, Tsetse Fly, Neurological Complications